Chemistry 2006 JAMB Past Questions - Question 33: Nuclear fission involves the splitting of a heavy element into two nuclei of

Correct Answer

A

Explanation

Nuclear fission involves the splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei, along with the release of a large amount of energy. This process is typically initiated by bombarding the heavy nucleus with a neutron. When the nucleus absorbs the neutron, it becomes unstable and undergoes fission, resulting in the formation of two or more smaller nuclei, as well as additional neutrons and a significant amount of energy.

The equation representing a nuclear fission reaction can be generalized as follows:

\[ \text{Heavy nucleus} + \text{Neutron} \rightarrow \text{Smaller nuclei} + \text{Neutrons} + \text{Energy} \]

One of the key features of nuclear fission is the release of a large amount of energy, which can be harnessed for various applications, including electricity generation in nuclear power plants. Additionally, the neutrons produced during the fission process can initiate further fission reactions in nearby nuclei, leading to a chain reaction. Controlling this chain reaction is crucial to prevent uncontrolled release of energy, as seen in nuclear weapons. In nuclear power plants, control rods are used to regulate the rate of fission reactions and maintain a stable and controlled process for energy production.