Chemistry 2003 JAMB Past Questions - Question 32: Metals of the first transition series have special properties which are different from those of groups I and II elements because they have partially filled

Correct Answer

C

Explanation

Metals of the first transition series have special properties because they have partially filled d orbitals. Transition metals are characterized by the filling of d orbitals in their electron configuration. The first transition series includes elements from scandium (Sc) to zinc (Zn), and during this series, electrons are added to the 3d orbitals.

The special properties of transition metals arise from the presence of partially filled d orbitals, which contribute to their characteristic properties such as variable oxidation states, formation of colored compounds, and the ability to form complex ions. The partially filled d orbitals allow transition metals to easily lose or gain electrons, leading to the formation of ions with different oxidation states.

In contrast, groups I and II elements primarily have s orbitals that are being filled, and their properties are different from those of transition metals. Group I elements (alkali metals) have a single valence s electron, and Group II elements (alkaline earth metals) have two valence s electrons. The filling of s orbitals in these groups contributes to their alkali and alkaline earth metal properties, respectively.