Chemistry 2001 JAMB Past Questions - Question 35: Fermentation is the

Correct Answer

B

Explanation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, into alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, or fungi. It is an anaerobic process, meaning it occurs in the absence of oxygen.

During fermentation, microorganisms break down complex organic compounds into simpler substances, releasing energy in the process. The two most common types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

1. **Alcoholic Fermentation:**
  - **Microorganisms:** Yeast is a common microorganism involved in alcoholic fermentation.
  - **Products:** The main products of alcoholic fermentation are ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide. This process is widely used in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine.

2. **Lactic Acid Fermentation:**
  - **Microorganisms:** Lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, are involved in lactic acid fermentation.
  - **Products:** The main product of lactic acid fermentation is lactic acid. This process is utilized in the production of certain foods, including yogurt, sauerkraut, and some types of cheese.

Fermentation has been used by humans for thousands of years in various cultural and culinary practices. In addition to food and beverage production, fermentation is also involved in the production of biofuels and the treatment of wastewater. It plays a crucial role in industries such as biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.