Chemistry 2001 JAMB Past Questions - Question 14: Deliquescent substances are used for

Correct Answer

D

Explanation

Deliquescent substances are materials that have a strong affinity for water and are capable of absorbing moisture from the air. These substances are often used for various purposes in different industries. Here are some common applications of deliquescent substances:

1. **Dehumidification:** Deliquescent substances are frequently used in desiccants or dehumidifying agents to remove moisture from the air. They absorb water vapor, preventing its presence in the environment. This is particularly important in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, and certain manufacturing processes where moisture can adversely affect product quality.

2. **Gas Purification:** Deliquescent substances are used in gas purification systems to remove water vapor and other impurities from gases. For example, calcium chloride is often employed to dry gases like natural gas or air by absorbing the moisture present.

3. **Chemical Processes:** In some chemical reactions, maintaining a dry environment is crucial. Deliquescent substances are used to absorb water produced during chemical reactions, preventing side reactions or undesired by-products.

4. **Laboratory Applications:** Deliquescent substances are used in laboratories for controlling humidity levels in experiments and sample storage. They help prevent reactions that are sensitive to moisture and maintain the integrity of samples.

5. **Winter Road Maintenance:** Some deliquescent substances, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, are used as de-icing agents on roads. These substances absorb moisture from the air and create a brine solution that lowers the freezing point of water, preventing the formation of ice on road surfaces.

6. **Air Conditioning:** Deliquescent substances may be used in air conditioning systems to control humidity levels. They absorb excess moisture from the air, helping to maintain a comfortable and controlled indoor environment.

7. **Refrigeration:** Deliquescent substances can be used in refrigeration systems to remove moisture, preventing the formation of ice in the system and ensuring efficient operation.

It's important to note that the specific deliquescent substance used depends on the intended application and the properties of the substance involved. The ability to absorb moisture makes these substances valuable in various industries where moisture control is critical.